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交房法律评说\广告的效力/梁桦水

作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-07-11 11:26:28  浏览:9261   来源:法律资料网
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房屋交付法律评说

作者:梁桦水(梁鹏)
北京市广世达律师事务所律师
电话13321125785


在审判实践中对于商品房的交付使用的约定存在着不同的理解而引发争议。作为开发企业认为“房屋的交付使用”就是交钥匙,作为购房人则认为“房屋交付使用”不仅包括领钥匙还包括取得房屋所有权证书。按照我国现行法律的规定不动产的所有权转移以办理权利转移登记为准,只有办理登记手续后,房屋所有权才发生转移。但是,最高人民法院关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释(下称司法解释)规定“对房屋的转移占有,视为房屋的交付使用,但当事人另有约定的除外”。最高人民法院副院长黄松指出根据《合同法》第133条和第135条规定,商品房买卖合同的出卖人负有向卖受人交付房屋并转移房屋所有权的义务。所谓房屋的交付使用,就是出卖人将已经建成的房屋转移给买受人占有,其外在表现主要是将房屋的钥匙交付给买受人。但房屋的 交付使用并不意味着房屋所有权的转移。交钥匙在实践中视为交付较为可行,但是交付使用还应当看其双方在合同中有无其他约定的条件。
案例一、
崔某于2001年10月20日与北京某房地产公司签定了《商品房买卖合同》及补充协议。双方约定崔某购买该公司出售的商品房一套,建筑面积为151平方米,单价为11800元,交房时间为2002年2月15日前出卖人应当书面通知买受人办理交付手续。同时,双方约定进行验收交接时出卖人应当出示“北京市建筑工程竣工验收备案表”、“住宅使用说明书、”“住宅质量保证书”并签署房屋交接单。在“补充协议”中双方重新约定若出卖人逾期交房,出卖人从2002年2月16日始按照总房款的日万分之四支付违约金。而出卖人直至2002年12月3日,才交付了“北京市建筑工程竣工验收备案表”。为此崔某以房地产公司迟延交付应承担违约责任为由向法院提起诉讼。在审理过程中,出卖人承认其逾期交房,但认为崔某于2002年4月5日领取了钥匙,应当视为房屋交付。一审法院支持崔某的诉讼请求。
律师评析。
合同的订立是双方真实意思表示的结果,一经成立并发生效力合同的任何一方均应当遵守合同中的各项条款。这些条款的确定在合同当事人之间形成了明确的权利义务关系,形成了特定的债的关系。合同的当事人应当全面、适当的履行合同义务。对于合同中附有的条件在该条件成就时应当依约履行,不能够阻却条件的成就。本案争议的焦点问题是出卖人交钥匙的行为是否可以视为交付了房屋。首先,崔某与房地产公司签定的《商品房买卖合同》及补充协议是双方当事人的真实意思表示,内容合法有效。双方在合同中确定交房条件符合所附条件的要件,构成了合同的主要条款之一。为双方如何履行合同作了明确的约定。其次,从双方签定的合同约定的交房条件并非是以交付钥匙转移房产的占有为条件。按照双方合同的约定买受人接收此房的条件是出卖人具备“北京市建筑工程竣工验收备案表”、“住宅使用说明书、”“住宅质量保证书”(即两书一表)。这三个条件是同时具备方可办理接收手续,不是其中之一具有时交房条件具备。因此,出卖人在2002年12月3日才取得“北京市建筑工程竣工验收备案表”,才使得交房条件全部满足合同的约定。因此,崔某以出卖人取得“北京市建筑工程竣工验收备案表”的时间作为出卖人的实际交房时间并依此请求违约金是符合合同的约定的。按照《司法解释》的表述在处理本案时也应当优先考虑合同中的约定,而不能够将房屋交钥匙转移房屋的占有作为房屋的交付使用。

案例二、
李某于2000年3月23日与北京某房地产公司签定了商品房买卖合同。合同约定:李某购商品房一套,总价款155万元,双方约定在出卖人没有取得大产权证前可以凭工程竣工验收合格证交房,交房日期为2000年12月18日。合同签定后李某按照合同约定向出卖人交付了全部的房款。出卖人于2000年11月办理了竣工验收并取得了合格证。于2000年12月5日向李某发出《入住通知书》要求李某收房。李某在入住通知的回联上签字确认收到。2000年12月17日李某向出卖人提出开发商应当办理大产权证才能够交房,双方的合同约定违反了国家强制性规定,拒绝办理收房。双方经过多次协商未果。李某于是将出卖人告上法庭。要求确认合同所列交房条件违反国家法律法规的强制性规定,主张确认无效。要求出卖人承担违约责任,支付逾期交房的赔偿金。出卖人答辩道:在合同中约定的是以取得竣工验收合格证作为交付房屋的条件,该约定是双方当事人的真实意思表示,不违背国家法律、法规的强制性规定,应当是合法有效的。况且出卖人取得竣工验收合格证是在合同约定的交房时间前取得的,向买受人交房未构成逾期交房不存在违约的事实,不应当承当违约责任。一审法院经审理后驳回了买受人的诉讼请求。
律师评析。
当事人依照法律的规定平等的行使自己的民事权利,承当民事义务。对于违反国家法律法规规定的强制性规定的民事行为当属无效。合同缔结双方应当遵循协商一致等价有偿的原则订立合同。充分体现及保障合同双方意思自治、契约至上。对于合同的履行应当全面、适当。违反合同义务的一方应当承担违约责任,由此给对方造成的损失应当予以赔偿。就本案来言,双方签定的合同是有效的,所付的交房条件不违背国家的法律法规的强制性规定。按照我国关于商品房管理的有关规定商品房的交付必须经过竣工验收合格,这是法律上对房屋出卖人向房屋使用人或产权受让人进行交付时应当满足的最底条件。双方当事人可以在合同中约定高于此线的交付条件及标准。所以,当事人在本案合同约定的交房条件是满足于法律的规定,且是双方当事人的真实意思表示。买受人提出的要求按照大权证作为交房条件属于其对合同条款的变更,但是合同的变更要求当事人协商一致,未达成一致以前原合同的条款依然对双方具有约束力。出卖人未按照合同约定交付房屋应当承担违约责任,在此案中出卖人未违约且合同合法有效,买受人拒绝收房则应当承担迟延领受的违约责任,并对该房屋所可能产生的风险承担责任。
案例三、
王某于2001年4月6日与某房地产公司签定了《商品房买卖合同》,合同中约定该商品房价值250000元,交房时间为2001年6月10日,约定的交房条件为该房屋必须取得综合竣工验收。房地产商于2001年10月5日完成综合竣工验收,2001年12月7日取得竣工验收备案表。出卖人于2001年6月10日向王某发出了入住通知书,王某于2001年6月12日办理了收房手续并领取了钥匙。买受人在入住后发现该房有质量问题且设施与合同约定不符,于是向人民法院提出诉讼,请求人民法院判令房地产公司承当迟延交房的违约责任及赔偿买受人的损失。房地产商辩称:出卖人已经向买受人如期交付了房屋,买受人领取了钥匙实际占有了该房产不存在迟延交房的违约责任,对于房屋质量问题同意在合同约定的保修范围内予以修缮并愿意赔偿买受人的相关损失。法院经过审理判决房地产商承担迟延交房的违约责任并赔偿原告的损失。
律师评析。
《城市房地产管理法》明确规定“房地产开发项目的设计、施工,必须符合国家的有关规定标准和规范。房地产开发项目竣工,经验收合格后,方可交付使用”。《城市房地产开发经营管理条例》规定:“房地产开发项目竣工,经验收合格后,方可交付使用;未经验收或验收不合格的,不得交付使用。。。”本案合同双方已经在合同中明确的约定了交房的条件即该房屋完成综合验收后向买受人交付使用,而不是以交钥匙实际转移房屋的占有作为交付的条件。本案中房地产商的交付行为违反了法律法规关于商品房交付的强制性规定。即使买受人在收到入住通知后前往出卖人处办理了收房手续领取了房屋钥匙,并且实际使用并控占了该房屋,但是出卖人在发出入住通知书为其办理入住手续时第一违反了合同的约定,重要的是其行为违反了法律关于交付条件应当遵循的底线。交付行为无效,应当承担迟延交付的违约责任。《司法解释》也规定当事人有约定的应当从其约定。
案例四、
业主陈某于2002年11月3日与开发商签定了《商品房买卖合同》一份。合同约定该房的价值为340000元,开发商应当于2003年5月10日将验收合格的房屋交付业主使用,陈某应当在接到入住通知书时办理收房手续,并一次结清剩余房款,并在合同中约定了违约责任。2003年5月10日开发商将已经办理竣工验收完毕的房屋向陈某交付,发出入住通知书要求其前来办理收房手续。而此时陈某正在外地旅游无法回来收房。直至2003年5月30日才前往办理收房手续。但因邻居不慎失火将其所购的房屋部分烧毁。于是陈某提出退房要求,开发商认为已经按照合同约定向其发出入住通知书,业主未按照合同约定领受房屋,房屋已经交付,发生的房屋毁损、灭失的风险应当由陈某自己承担。陈某诉至法院,请求法院判令解除合同返还已付房款并支付利息。法院经过审理驳回了陈某的诉讼请求。
律师评析。
本案的焦点是房屋的风险是否发生了转移。标的物的风险的转移随标的物所有权的移转而发生转移。对于动产因交付而发生所有权的移转,除当事人另有约定或法律法规另有规定。不动产应当以所有权的登记做为发生移转的标志。《司法解释》规定对房屋转移占有,视为房屋的交付使用,但当事人另有约定的除外。房屋的毁损、灭失的风险,在交付前由出卖人承担,交付使用后由买受人承担;买受人在接到出卖人的交房通知,无正当理由拒绝接收的,房屋毁损、灭失的风险自书面交房通知确定的交付使用之日起由买受人承担,但法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。本案中双方合同约定的交房方式是收到通知书后办理收房手续,陈某因外出而不能够收房的原因不属于正当理由,所以,该房屋的毁损、灭失的风险自双方约定的交房日2003年5月10日由开发商处转移至业主。
案情简介五
2003年3月原告与被告就被告开发的某高档小区签定了《商品房买卖合同》(下称“合同”)。合同约定原告所购买的房产的面积、户型、单价、总价,买受人的付款方式及时间,同时约定被告的交房条件为取得此商品房的《建设工程竣工备案表》,交房时间为2004年5月31日。原告按照合同约定的付款方式及时间全部交齐了房款。被告于2004年5月10日取得了《建设工程竣工备案表》,于2004年5月29日起向交房日为2004年5月31日的买受人发出了〈入住通知书〉。“通知书中载明1,原告于2004年5月31日持合同、付款凭证、身份证、本通知书、相关税费前往位于售楼处办理收房;2,自本通知书送达至买受人合同载明的有效通信地址之日起10个工作日内办理收房手续,逾期视为本公司完成了交房义务,该房产的风险由买受人承担。物业公司将按照陈列于售楼处的物业收费标准计算物业费用;......”2004年5月31日部分业主按照通知书的要求前往售楼处办理收房手续,被告向原告出示了《建设工程竣工备案表》、实测面积报告、物业公约、住宅使用说明书、住宅质量保证书等有效文件。原告向被告出示了合同、身份证、付款凭证、通知书。在办理收房手续过程中,被告要求原告交纳契税等费用后再领取钥匙进行房屋验收。此举遭到了以原告为代表的业主的反对,致使双方发生争执。以原告为代表的业主拒绝收房。此后双方委派代表就此问题进行协商未果。原告于2004年7月以“购房合同纠纷”为由向人民法院提起诉讼,诉讼请求包括:1判令被告交房并支付逾期交房的违约责任;2,判令被告承担本案的诉讼费用。在诉讼中被告辩称已经向原告发放了入住通知书并载明了逾期收房所产生的后果,收取费用的目的是为了日后办理产权登记的便利,这一做法是目前房地产交房的通例,被告不存在违约行为不应当承担违约责任。且在入住通知书明确告之原告应当交纳的税费,原告按照通知书前来办理收房手续也是默认了这一条件。原告认为,合同中未明确约定向被告交纳税费作为交房的条件,只要被告具备了合同中约定的交房条件就应当向原告交付房产的钥匙,至于原告何时交纳如何交纳上述税费是原告意愿,原告从未向被告作出过由其代收上述税费的承诺或表示,原告收到钥匙并确认房屋的交付是否符合合同约定的标准才是真正的交房。本案经过法院审理后认为合同的约定是双方意思表示不违反法律的强制性规定,对双方均具有约束力;被告应当按照合同约定时间、条件、方式向原告交房;被告不是上述税费的代征机关,原告也没有以明示的方式委托被告代收代交上述税费;被告应当承担逾期交房的违约责任。
律师评析:
在本案双方发生争议的原因在于代收的契税问题上。在2005年前房地产开发企业在交房时收取业主应当交纳的各项税费的现象比较普遍,其原因主要是业主入住后发现房屋质量问题与开发商不能够协商解决而不支付税费或是采取按揭方式付款的业主不积极办理产权以无法完成产权抵押解除开发商的保证责任。所以开发商为了不出现到办证时收不上钱的局面出现而采取了这样那样的方式。被告的代收契税的行为产生了两个后果。后果一即变更了合同约定的交房条件及收房的方式。按照合同法的一般规定合同的订立、变更、解除应当体现意思自治、平等自愿的原则。被告在交房时提出先收取税费再交钥匙的要求实际上应当属于对合同中交接房屋一节的变更。变更合同内容 实际上是双方订立一个新的合同,仍应当遵循要约承诺的过程。原告对于被告的变更要求予以了明确的拒绝,双方对于交接房屋一节也就未作出变更,被告就应按照原合同约定履行。按照最高人民法院关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释规定,商品房的交付以向买受人交付钥匙为准,双方另有约定的除外,房屋的风险由此转移。被告在交房条件具备时不向原告交房而提出变更合同的约定明显违反了合同理应承担逾期交房的违约责任。后果二即在原告与被告之间形成委托关系。被告作为原告的受托人将所收的税费交给税务机关将完税凭证交与原告。双方形成委托关系也是应当遵循合同订立的规则。如果原告同意将税费交与被告但是不将其作为交房的条件的变更,原告与被告之间也仅成立委托合同关系。所以,原告同意或承诺由被告代收税费而与被告形成的法律关系应当是独立于购房合同关系之外的。在事实上,原告委托被告与否应当完全决定于原告,委托的表示应当由原告提出经过被告承诺后委托合同成立。按照《北京市契税管理规定》契税的纳税人应当是本市辖区内土地使用权、房屋所有权发生转移时,承受的企业、事业单位、国家机关、军事单位、社会团体、其他组织和个体经营者以及其他个人。纳税义务发生的时间为单位或个人购买房屋应当按照签定房屋买卖合同(包括预售合同)时的签约日期纳税。从此可见原告可以将交纳契税的事项委托与被告,也可以自行到税务部门交纳或向税务机关委托的代征机关交纳。所以,在本案中被告提出代收并将此作为交房的条件实为不当,以此阻却原告收房更无法律依据或合同依据。

广告的效力
作者:梁桦水(梁鹏)
北京市广世达律师事务所律师
电话13321125785

原告:张女士
被告:北京市某房地产开发公司
案件介绍:
原告称其于2002年5月,原告到被告售楼处拟购买一套商品房,被告售楼人员向原告介绍了其拟购楼号的情况及小区的公用设施。提到在原告所购楼号的北侧有一个网球场周边是绿地,经过原告实地在小区考察后认为与销售人员及提供的楼书描述的一致,于是第二天与被告订立了《购房合同》。在同年下半年,被告将网球场擅自向北挪取消了周边的绿地,改建成小型停车场且仅距原告所在的楼10几米。原告要求被告将停车场拆除恢复绿地。被告称原告的诉讼请求无法律依据及事实依据,原告于2002年5月底入住,而停车场是在2002年底修建的,在小区规划图的位置上有此规划,且停车场的位置与原告居住的房屋距离符合规划要求,如支持原告的诉讼请求将违反设计规划,并损害其他业主的利益,停车场的存在不影响原告的合法权益。本案经过法院审理认为原告与被告所签定的合同符合法律规定合同有效;被告所发放的售楼楼书广告上虽无停车场的规划,但是原告凭此要求被告拆除停车场理由、证据不充分。从被告的规划图上确有停车场的规划且该停车场属于小区公共设施。故驳回原告要求拆除停车场恢复绿地的诉讼请求。
律师评析
原告在此案中有无撤消权。
合同的撤消是指因当事人意思表示不真实通过撤消权人行使撤消权而使合同关系消灭。并将依合同关系而取得的财产回复到合同订立时的状态。据此概念撤消应当具备下列法律特征:
1,所撤消的合同应当是已经成立并生效的合同。当事人意思表示不真实是造成合同可能被撤消的前提。意思表示不真实应当是发生在订立合同的过程中,意思表示不真实造成的原因法律规定为五种即欺诈、胁迫、重大误解、乘人之危、显失公平。
2,合同的撤消应当由有撤消权的当事人来行使撤消权实现。对于当事人在合同订立并生效后发现合同撤消的事由存在是否通过行事撤消权来消灭合同关系,还是继续合同关系的存在完全由当事人自由决定之。
3,撤消权的行使将会产生合同自始无效的后果。
4,撤消权的行使具有时限,当事人不行使或迨于形式该权利,期限届满时则丧失该权利。不因法定事由中断。
5,撤消权人须请求人民法院或仲裁机关作出撤消合同的裁决。
本案中被告存在欺诈的行为。它主要表现在被告在楼书广告及售楼人员的介绍中均掩盖了规划设计中停车场存在的事实,将其描述为绿地。使得原告认为所购买的房屋的居住环境符合自己的内心的期望而作出了购买的意思表示。基于此种原因,原告在发现实际生活空间环境发生变化时应当向人民法院提出撤消此合同。但是提出撤消的要求应当在知道上述情形后1年内。
欺诈,是指以使他人陷于错误并因而为意思表示为目的,故意陈述虚伪事实或隐瞒事实情况的行为。它的构成包括有欺诈的行为、受诈人因欺诈而陷于错误、受诈人因欺诈而陷于错误而为意思表示不真实、欺诈违反法律违反诚实信用原则。被告的欺诈行为主要体现在楼书广告中。而双方的纠纷也产生于此。按照《房地产广告发布暂行规定》对房地产广告的具体内容作了规范,具体为:1,房地产预售、销售广告必须载明下列事项,即开发企业的名称、中介服务机构代理销售的,应当载明该机构的名称、预售、销售许可证编号;2,房地产广告中涉及所有权或者使用权的,所有者或使用者应当有实际意义的完整的生产、生活空间;房地产广告中对价格有表示的,应当清楚的表示为实际的销售价格,明示价格的有效期限;......6,房地产广告涉及的交通商业、文化教育设施及其他市政条件等,如在规划或建设中的,应当在广告中加以注明;.....10,房地产广告中不得利用其他项目形象、环境作为本项目的效果。房地产广告中使用的建筑设计效果图或模型照片的,应当在广告中予以注明。.....本案被告在其楼书广告中有违《房地产广告发布暂行规定》的有关规定。那么,楼书广告是否应当成为《购房合同》组成部分呢?我们认为,楼书广告中涉及有关房屋、居住环境、作为公共分摊部分、与生活相关的设施等能够构成交易条件的事项理应成为合同的组成部分。若合同双方未在合同中形成对广告所涉及的且应当构成交易条件的内容予以排除的,则就构成对缔约方之有效的要约。在事实上,双方当事人在合同条款外的对交易条件所做的陈述、承诺、说明等与合同条款内容构成一个完整的交易条件。不能够因为没有写入合同条款就不对双方具有约束力。按照最高人民法院关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释:“商品房的销售广告和宣传资料为要约邀请,但是出卖人就商品房开发规划范围内的房屋及相关设施所做的说明和允诺具体确定,并对商品房买卖合同的订立及房屋价格的确定有重大影响的,应当视为要约。该说明和允诺即使未载入商品房买卖合同,亦应当视为合同内容,当事人违反的,应当承担违约责任。”

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国家税务总局关于印发《征收个人所得税若干问题的规定》的通知(附英文)

国家税务总局


国家税务总局关于印发《征收个人所得税若干问题的规定》的通知(附英文)

1994年3月31日,国家税务总局

通知
各省、自治区、直辖市税务局,各计划单列市税务局,海洋石油税务管理局各分局:
现将我们制定的《征收个人所得税若干问题的规定》印发给你们,请认真遵照执行。本规定自一九九四年一月一日起施行。
附件:《征收个人所得税若干问题的规定》

征收个人所得税若干问题的规定
为了更好地贯彻执行《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》(以下简称税法)及其实施条例(以下简称条例),认真做好个人所得税的征收管理,根据税法及条例的规定精神,现将一些具体问题明确如下:
一、关于如何掌握“习惯性居住”的问题
条例第二条规定,在中国境内有住所的个人,是指因户籍、家庭、经济利益关系而在中国境内习惯性居住的个人。所谓习惯性居住,是判定纳税义务人是居民或非居民的一个法律意义上的标准,不是指实际居住或在某一个特定时期内的居住地。如因学习、工作、探亲、旅游等而在中国境外居住的,在其原因消除之后,必须回到中国境内居住的个人,则中国即为该纳税人习惯性居住地。
二、关于工资、薪金所得的征税问题
条例第八条第一款第一项对工资、薪金所得的具体内容和征税范围作了明确规定,应严格按照规定进行征税。对于补贴、津贴等一些具体收入项目应否计入工资、薪金所得的征税范围问题,按下述情况掌握执行:
(一)条例第十三条规定,对按照国务院规定发给的政府特殊津贴和国务院规定免纳个人所得税的补贴、津贴,免予征收个人所得税。其他各种补贴、津贴均应计入工资、薪金所得项目征税。
(二)下列不属于工资、薪金性质的补贴、津贴或者不属于纳税人本人工资、薪金所得项目的收入,不征税:
1.独生子女补贴;
2.执行公务员工资制度未纳入基本工资总额的补贴、津贴差额和家属成员的副食品补贴;
3.托儿补助费;
4.差旅费津贴、误餐补助。
三、关于在外商投资企业、外国企业和外国驻华机构工作的中方人员取得的工资、薪金所得的征税的问题
(一)在外商投资企业、外国企业和外国驻华机构工作的中方人员取得的工资、薪金收入,凡是由雇佣单位和派遣单位分别支付的,支付单位应依照税法第八条的规定代扣代缴个人所得税。按照税法第六条第一款第一项的规定,纳税义务人应以每月全部工资、薪金收入减除规定费用后的余额为应纳税所得额。为了有利于征管,对雇佣单位和派遣单位分别支付工资、薪金的,采取由支付者中的一方减除费用的方法,即只由雇佣单位在支付工资、薪金时,按税法规定减除费用,计算扣缴个人所得税;派遣单位支付的工资、薪金不再减除费用,以支付全额直接确定适用税率,计算扣缴个人所得税。
上述纳税义务人,应持两处支付单位提供的原始明细工资、薪金单(书)和完税凭证原件,选择并固定到一地税务机关申报每月工资、薪金收入,汇算清缴其工资、薪金收入的个人所得税,多退少补。具体申报期限,由各省、自治区、直辖市税务局确定。
(二)对外商投资企业、外国企业和外国驻华机构发放给中方工作人员的工资、薪金所得,应全额征税。但对可以提供有效合同或有关凭证,能够证明其工资、薪金所得的一部分按照有关规定上交派遣(介绍)单位的,可扣除其实际上交的部分,按其余额计征个人所得税。
四、关于稿酬所得的征税问题
(一)个人每次以图书、报刊方式出版、发表同一作品(文字作品、书画作品、摄影作品以及其他作品),不论出版单位是预付还是分笔支付稿酬,或者加印该作品后再付稿酬,均应合并其稿酬所得按一次计征个人所得税。在两处或两处以上出版、发表或再版同一作品而取得稿酬所得,则可分别各处取得的所得或再版所得按分次所得计征个人所得税。
(二)个人的同一作品在报刊上连载,应合并其因连载而取得的所有稿酬所得为一次,按税法规定计征个人所得税。在其连载之后又出书取得稿酬所得,或先出书后连载取得稿酬所得,应视同再版稿酬分次计征个人所得税。
(三)作者去世后,对取得其遗作稿酬的个人,按稿酬所得征收个人所得税。
五、关于拍卖文稿所得的征税问题
作者将自己的文字作品手稿原件或复印件公开拍卖(竞价)取得的所得,应按特许权使用费所得项目征收个人所得税。
六、关于财产租赁所得的征税问题
(一)纳税义务人在出租财产过程中缴纳的税金和国家能源交通重点建设基金、国家预算调节基金、教育费附加,可持完税(缴款)凭证,从其财产租赁收入中扣除。
(二)纳税义务人出租财产取得财产租赁收入,在计算征税时,除可依法减除规定费用和有关税、费外,还准予扣除能够提供有效、准确凭证,证明由纳税义务人负担的该出租财产实际开支的修缮费用。允许扣除的修缮费用,以每次800元为限,一次扣除不完的,准予在下一次继续扣除,直至扣完为止。
(三)确认财产租赁所得的纳税义务人,应以产权凭证为依据。无产权凭证的,由主管税务机关根据实际情况确定纳税义务人。
(四)产权所有人死亡,在未办理产权继承手续期间,该财产出租而有租金收入的,以领取租金的个人为纳税义务人。
七、关于如何确定转让债权财产原值的问题
转让债权,采用“加权平均法”确定其应予减除的财产原值和合理费用。即以纳税人购进的同一种类债券买入价和买进过程中交纳的税费总和,除以纳税人购进的该种类债券数量之和,乘以纳税人卖出的该种类债券数量,再加上卖出的该种类债券过程中交纳的税费。用公式表示为:
纳税人购进
一次卖出 的该种类债券买
某一种类 入价和买进过程中 一次卖出 卖出该种类
债券允许 交纳的税费总和 的该种类 债券过程中
扣除的买 = --------------------×债券的数+交纳的税费
入价和 纳税人购进的该 量
费 用 种类债券总数量
八、关于董事费的征税问题
个人由于担任董事职务所取得的董事费收入,属于劳务报酬所得性质,按照劳务报酬所得项目征收个人所得税。
九、关于个人取得不同项目劳务报酬所得的征税问题
条例第二十一条第一款第一项中所述的“同一项目”,是指劳务报酬所得列举具体劳务项目中的某一单项,个人兼有不同的劳务报酬所得,应当分别减除费用,计算缴纳个人所得税。
十、关于外籍纳税人在中国几地工作如何确定纳税地点的问题
(一)在几地工作或提供劳务的临时来华人员,应以税法所规定的申报纳税的日期为准,在某一地达到申报纳税的日期,即在该地申报纳税。但准予其提出申请,经批准后,也可固定在一地申报纳税。
(二)凡由在华企业或办事机构发放工资、薪金的外籍纳税人,由在华企业或办事机构集中向当地税务机关申报纳税。
十一、关于派发红股的征税问题
股份制企业在分配股息、红利时,以股票形式向股东个人支付应得的股息、红利(即派发红股),应以派发红股的股票票面金额为收入额,按利息、股息、红利项目计征个人所得税。
十二、关于运用速算扣除数法计算应纳税额的问题
为简便计算应纳个人所得税额,可对适用超额累进税率的工资、薪金所得,个体工商户的生产、经营所得,对企事业单位的承包经营、承租经营所得,以及适用加成征收税率的劳务报酬所得,运用速算扣除数法计算其应纳税额。应纳税额的计算公式为:
应纳税额=应纳税所得额×适用税率--速算扣除数



适用超额累进税率的应税所得计算应纳税额的速算扣除数,详见附表一、二、三。
十三、关于纳税人一次取得属于数月的奖金或年终加薪、劳动分红的征税问题
纳税人一次取得属于数月的奖金或年终加薪、劳动分红,一般应将全部奖金或年终加薪、劳动分红同当月份的工资、薪金合并计征个人所得税。但对于合并计算后提高适用税率的,可采取以月份所属奖金或年终加薪、劳动分红加当月份工资、薪金,减去当月份费用扣除标准后的余额为基数确定适用税率,然后,将当月份工资、薪金加上全部奖金或年终加薪、劳动分红,减去当月份费用扣除标准后的余额,按适用税率计算征收个人所得税。对按上述方法计算无应纳税所得额的,免予征税。
十四、关于单位或个人为纳税义务人负担税款的计征办法问题
单位或个人为纳税义务人负担个人所得税税款,应将纳税义务人取得的不含税收入换算为应纳税所得额,计算征收个人所得税。计算公式如下:
1.应纳税所得额=(不含税收入额--费用扣除标准--速算扣除数)÷(1--税率)
2.应纳税额=应纳税所得额×适用税率--速算扣除数



公式1中的税率,是指不含税所得按不含税级距(详见所附税率表一、二、三)对应的税率;公式2中的税率,是指应纳税所得额按含税级距对应的税率。
十五、关于纳税人所得为外国货币如何办理退税和补税的问题
(一)纳税人所得为外国货币并已按照中国人民银行公布的外汇牌价以外国货币兑换成人民币缴纳税款后,如发生多缴税款需要办理退税,凡属于1993年12月31日以前取得应税所得的,可以将应退的人民币税款,按照缴纳税款时的外汇牌价(买入价,以下同)折合成外国货币,再将该外国货币数额按照填开退税凭证当日的外汇牌价折合成人民币退还税款;凡属于1994年1月1日以后取得应税所得的,应直接退还多缴的人民币税款。
(二)纳税人所得为外国货币的,发生少缴税款需要办理补税时,除依照税法规定汇算清缴以外的,应当按照填开补税凭证前一月最后一日的外汇牌价折合成人民币计算应纳税所得额补缴税款。
十六、关于在境内、境外分别取得工资、薪金所得,如何计征税款的问题
纳税义务人在境内、境外同时取得工资、薪金所得的,应根据条例第五条规定的原则,判断其境内、境外取得的所得是否来源于一国的所得。纳税义务人能够提供在境内、境外同时任职或者受雇及其工资、薪金标准的有效证明文件,可判定其所得是来源于境内和境外所得,应按税法和条例的规定分别减除费用并计算纳税;不能提供上述证明文件的,应视为来源于一国的所得,如其任职或者受雇单位在中国境内,应为来源于中国境内的所得,如其任职或受雇单位在中国境外,应为来源于中国境外的所得。
十七、关于承包、承租期不足一年如何计征税款的问题
实行承包、承租经营的纳税义务人,应以每一纳税年度取得的承包、承租经营所得计算纳税,在一个纳税年度内,承包、承租经营不足十二个月的,以其实际承包、承租经营的月份数为一个纳税年度计算纳税。计算公式为:
应纳税所得额=该年度承包、承租经营收入额--(800×该年度实
际承包、承租经营月份数)
应纳税额=应纳税所得额×适用税率--速算扣除数
十八、关于利息、股息、红利的扣缴义务人问题
利息、股息、红利所得实行源泉扣缴的征收方式,其扣缴义务人应是直接向纳税义务人支付利息、股息、红利的单位。
十九、关于工资、薪金所得与劳务报酬所得的区分问题
工资、薪金所得是属于非独立个人劳务活动,即在机关、团体、学校、部队、企事业单位及其他组织中任职、受雇而得到的报酬;劳务报酬所得则是个人独立从事各种技艺、提供各项劳务取得的报酬。两者的主要区别在于,前者存在雇佣与被雇佣关系,后者则不存在这种关系。
二十、以前规定与本规定抵触的,按本规定执行。
税率表一
(工资、薪金所得适用)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | 速算 |
|级数| 含税级距 | 不含税级距 |税率(%)| 扣除数 |
|----|--------------------|------------------|----------|----------|
|1 |不超过500元的 |不超过475元的 | 5 | 0 |
|----|--------------------|------------------|----------|----------|
| |超过500元至 |超过475元至 | | |
|2 |2000元的部分 |1825元的部分 | 10 | 25 |
|----|--------------------|------------------|----------|----------|
| |超过2000元至 |超过1825元至 | | |
|3 |5000元的部分 |4375元的部分 | 15 | 125 |
|----|--------------------|------------------|----------|----------|
| |超过5000元至 |超过4375元至 | | |
|4 |20000元的部分 |16375元的部分| 20 | 375 |
|----|--------------------|------------------|----------|----------|
| |超过20000元至 |超过16375元至| | |
|5 |40000元的部分 |31375元的部分| 25 |1375 |
|----|--------------------|------------------|----------|----------|
| |超过40000元至 |超过31375元至| | |
|6 |60000元的部分 |45375元的部分| 30 |3375 |
|----|--------------------|------------------|----------|----------|
| |超过60000元至 |超过45375元至| | |
|7 |80000元部分 |58375元的部分| 35 |6375 |
|----|--------------------|------------------|----------|----------|
| |超过80000元至 |超过58375元至| | |
|8 |100000元的部分|70375元的部分| 40 |10375|
|----|--------------------|------------------|----------|----------|
| |超过100000元 |超过70375元的| | |
|9 |的部分 |部分 | 45 |15375|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
注:1.表中所列含税级距与不含税级距,均为按照税法规定减除有关费用后的所得额。
2.含税级距适用于由纳税人负担税款的工资、薪金所得;不含税级距适用于由他人(单位)代付税款的工资、薪金所得。
税率表二(个体工商户的生产、经营所得和对企事业单位的承包经营、承租经营所得适用)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | 速算 |
|级数| 含税级距 | 不含税级距 |税率(%)| 扣除数 |
|----|--------------------|------------------|----------|----------|
|1 |不超过5000元的 |不超过4750元的| 5 | 0 |
|----|--------------------|------------------|----------|----------|
| |超过5000元至 |超过4750元至 | | |
|2 |10000元的部分 |9250元的部分 | 10 | 250 |
|----|--------------------|------------------|----------|----------|
| |超过10000元至 |超过9250元至 | | |
|3 |30000元的部分 |25250元的部分| 20 |1250 |
|----|--------------------|------------------|----------|----------|
| |超过30000元至 |超过25250元至| | |
|4 |50000元的部分 |39250元的部分| 30 |4250 |
|----|--------------------|------------------|----------|----------|
| |超过50000元 |超过39250元的| | |
|5 |的部分 |部分 | 35 |6750 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
注:1.表中所列含税级距与不含税级距,均为按照税法规定减除有关
费用(成本、损失)后的所得额。
2.含税级距适用于个体工商户的生产、经营所得和由纳税人负担税款的承包经营、承租经营所得;不含税级距适用于由他人(单位)代付税款的承包经营、承租经营所得。
税率表三
(劳务报酬所得适用)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | 速算 |
|级数| 含税级距 | 不含税级距 |税率(%)| 扣除数 |
|----|--------------------|--------------------|----------|----------|
|1 |不超过20000元的|不超过16000元的| 20 | 0 |
|----|--------------------|--------------------|----------|----------|
| |超过20000元至 |超过16000元至 | | |
|2 |50000元的部分 |37000元的部分 | 30 |2000 |
|----|--------------------|--------------------|----------|----------|
| |超过50000元的 |超过37000元的 | | |
|3 |部分 |部分 | 40 |7000 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
注:1.表中的含税级距、不含税级距,均为按照税法规定减除
有关费用后的所得额。
2.含税级距适用于由纳税人负担税款的劳务报酬所得;
不含税级距适用于由他人(单位)代付税款的劳务报酬所得。

CIRCULAR ON PRINTING AND ISSUING THE REGULATIONS ON SOME ISSUESCONCERNING THE LEVY OF INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX

(State Administration of Taxation: 31 March 1994 Coded Guo Shui Fa[1994] No. 089)

Whole Doc.
To the tax bureaus of various provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities, to the tax bureaus of various cities with independent
planning and to various sub-bureaus of the Offshore Oil Tax
Administration:
The Regulations on Some Issues Concerning the Levy of Individual
Income Tax we have formulated is hereby printed and issued to you, please
conscientiously put it into practice. These Regulations go into effect on
January 1, 1994.
REGULATIONS ON SOME ISSUES CONCERNING THE LEVY OF INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX
In order to better implement the Individual Income Tax Law of the
People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as Tax Law) and
Regulations for Its Implementation (hereinafter referred to as
Regulations), conscientiously do a good job of the collection and
management of individual income tax, in the spirit of the stipulations of
the Tax Law and Regulations, some specific questions are hereby clarified
as follows:
I. The question concerning how to understand "habitual residence"
Article 2 of the Regulations stipulates that individuals who have
residences within the territory of China refer to those individuals who
live habitually within the territory of China because they have
households, families and relations of economic interests, the term
"habitual residence" is a standard of a legal significance which is used
to determine whether the tax payer is a resident or non- resident, not
refer to the actual residence or the apartment in a particular period. For
example, those individuals who live outside China due to study, work,
visiting relatives or tour, after the end of these activities, the reasons
for them to live outside China no longer exist and therefore must return
to live within China, then China is the country of the tax payer's
habitual residence.
II. The question concerning the levy of tax on the income from wages and
salaries
Item 1 in Clause 1 of Article 8 of the Regulations clearly stipulates
the concrete contents of the income gained from wages and salaries and the
tax- levying scope, tax shall be levied strictly in accordance with the
stipulations. As to the question regarding whether some specific income
items such as subsidies and allowances should be included into the
tax-levying scope related to income gained from wages and salaries, the
matter shall be handled and implemented in light of the following
conditions:
(1) Article 13 of the Regulations stipulates that the special
government allowances issued in accordance with the State Council
stipulations and the subsidies and allowances on which individual income
tax are exempt according to State Council stipulation shall be exempt from
individual income tax. Tax shall be levied on various other subsidies and
allowances which shall be included into the items of wage and salary
incomes.
(2) The following subsidies and allowances essentially not belonging
to wage and salary or not belonging to income gained from the tax payer's
own wage and salary are exempt from tax:
1. One-child subsidies;
2. The balance of subsidies and allowances not included in the total
amount of basic wage for implementing the public functionary wage system
and non-staple food subsidies for family members;
3. Nursery subsidies;
4. Travel expense allowances and subsidies for missing the meal.
III. Question concerning the levy of tax on the wage and salary income
earned by Chinese personnel working with enterprise with foreign
investment, foreign enterprises and foreign organizations in China
(1) For those wage and salary income gained by Chinese personnel
working with enterprise with foreign investment, foreign enterprises and
foreign organizations in China which are paid respectively by the hiring
unit and dispatching unit, the paying unit shall withhold the individual
income tax in accordance with the stipulations of Article 8 of the Tax
Law. According to the stipulations of Item 1 of Clause 1 of Article 6 of
the Tax Law, the balance after deducting the prescribed expense from the
whole monthly wage and salary incomes shall be taken as the taxable amount
of income. To facilitate the collection and management of tax, with regard
to the wages and salaries paid respectively by the hiring unit and the
dispatching unit, the method of deducting expenses from the payer, that
is, when wages and salaries are paid only by the hiring unit, expenses are
deducted in accordance with the stipulation of the Tax Law and individual
income tax is calculated and withheld; expenses are no longer be deducted
from the wages and salaries paid by the dispatching unit, the full amount
of payment is used to directly determine the applicable tax rate and
calculate and withhold individual income tax.
The above-mentioned tax payer shall bring with him the original
detailed wage and salary lists (documents) provided by the two paying
units and the original tax payment certificate and select the tax
authorities as the fixed place where he shall declare his monthly wage and
salary income and make the final settlement of individual income tax on
his wage and salary incomes, any overpayment refunded or any deficient
payment supplemented. The concrete time limit for declaration shall be
determined by the tax bureaus of various provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities.
(2) Full amount of tax shall be levied on the wage and salary incomes
issued to Chinese personnel by enterprise with foreign investment, foreign
enterprises and foreign establishments in China. But for those who can
provide effective contracts or related certificates which can prove they
have turned over part of their wage and salary income to the dispatching
(recommending) units in accordance with relevant stipulations, individual
income tax can be calculated and levied on the balance after deducting
that part they have actually turned over to the higher authorities.
IV. The question concerning the levy of tax on income from contribution
fees
(1) The same works (written works, calligraphy and paintings, photos
as well as other works) published by an individual each time in the forms
of books, newspapers and magazines, whether the contribution fees are paid
in advance or in several sums by the publisher, or further contribution
fees are paid after more copies of the work are printed, individual income
tax shall be calculated and levied lump sum on the combined income gained
from contribution fees. In terms of income gained from contribution fees
for the same works published or republished in two or more places,
individual income tax may be calculated and levied on separate incomes
gained from different places or from republication.
(2) For an individual's same work published in instalments in
newspapers or magazines, all incomes gained from contribution fees paid
for the works published in instalments shall be combined in lump sum,
individual income tax on which shall be calculated and levied in
accordance with the stipulations of the Tax Law. The income gained from
contribution fees paid for the book published after the work is published
in instalments, or income gained from contribution fees paid for the book
first published and then published in installments shall be regarded as
contribution fees paid for the second edition on which individual income
tax shall be calculated and levied on each time contribution fees are
paid.
(3) After the death of the author, if the contribution fees paid for
the posthumous works, individual income tax shall be levied on the
contribution fees.
V. The question concerning tax levied on income gained from the
auctioning of manuscripts
For the income gained by the author who openly sells the original
copies or replicas of his own written works (at competitive price),
individual income tax shall be levied on the income gained from royalties.
VI. The question concerning tax levied on income from the lease of his
property
(1) The tax and the key construction funds for the state's energy and
communications, the state budgetary regulatory funds and additional
education fees paid by the tax payer in the course of leasing property may
be deducted from the income gained from the lease of his property if he
holds the certificate showing that he has paid tax (and the required
funds).
(2) When calculating and levying tax on the income gained from the
lease of the property of the tax payer, apart from the prescribed expenses
and related tax and fees that can be deducted according to law, it is
permissible to deduct the actual betterment fees paid for that leased
property by the tax payer who can provides effective and accurate
certificates proving that the expenses are borne by him. The betterment
fees allowed to be deducted is limited to 800 yuan each time, the
betterment fees which cannot be fully deducted at one time are allowed to
be deducted the next time until they are completely deducted.
(3) A tax payer whose income from the lease of property is confirmed
shall have the property right certificate as the basis, when such property
right certificate is lacking, the tax payer shall be determined by the
competent tax authorities in light of the actual conditions.
(4) When the owner of the property right dies, during the period when
the procedures for inheritance to the property rights have not as yet been
performed, if there is income gained from the lease of that property, the
individual who receives the rent shall be the tax payer.
VII. The question concerning how to determine the original value of the
creditor property transferred.
For the transfer of creditor's rights, the weighted average method is
adopted to determine the original value of property and reasonable
expenses which shall be deducted. This means, the total of the buying
price paid by the tax payer for the purchase of the kind of bonds and the
tax paid in the purchasing course divided by the total of the amount of
that kind of bonds purchased by the tax payer and multiplied by the amount
of that kind of bonds sold by the tax payer and plus the tax paid in the
course of selling that kind of bonds. This is indicated by the following
formula:
The total of
the buying
price paid
by the tax
payer when
The buying purchasing that
price and kind of bonds
expenses and the tax paid The tax
allowed to in the course The amount paid in
be deducted of purchase of that kind the course
for the = ----------------- x of bonds sold + of buying
certain kind The total amount at one time that kind
of bonds of that kind of of bonds
sold at bonds purchased
one time by the tax payer
VIII. The question concerning tax levied on the director fees
For the income derived from the director fees gained by an individual
for assuming the post as a director is essentially income belonging to
labor service remuneration, individual income tax is levied in accordance
with the item of income from labor service remuneration.
IX. The question concerning tax levied on the income gained by an
individual from different items of labor service remunerations
The "same item" mentioned in Item 1, Clause 1 of Article 21 of the
Regulations refers to a certain single item among the listed concrete
labor service items related to income from labor service remuneration, for
an individual who concurrently has income from different labor service
remunerations, expenses should be subtracted separately and individual
income tax shall be calculated and paid.
X. The question concerning how to determine the place for tax payment by
a foreign tax payer who works in several places in China
(1) Foreign personnel who temporarily come to China to work at
several places or provide labor services shall take the date prescribed by
the Tax Law for declaration of tax payment as the standard and declares to
pay tax at a certain place where the date for declaration of tax payment.
But he is allowed to file an application, After the application is granted
approval, he may declare tax payment at a fixed place.
(2) For foreign tax payers to whom wages and salaries are issued by
foreign enterprises or working bodies in China, the foreign enterprises or
working bodies in China shall declare tax payment with local tax
authorities for all these foreign tax payers.
XI. The question concerning tax levied on bonuses issued
When a shareholding enterprise distributes dividends and bonuses, the
due dividends and bonuses (i. e., issuing bonuses) are paid in the form of
shares to individual share-holders, the face value of the shares issued as
bonuses shall be taken as the amount of income, and individual income tax
shall be calculated and levied in light of the items of interest,
dividends and bonuses.
XII. The question concerning calculation of the payable tax amount by
using the method of rapid calculation of deducted amount
In order to simplify the calculation of the payable amount of
individual income tax, the payable tax amount can be calculated by the
method of rapid calculation of the deducted amount related to the income
from wages and salaries, the income from production and management of
individual industrial and commercial units, the income earned by
enterprises or institutions from contracting and leasing business to which
the progressive rates levied on income in excess of specific amounts are
applicable, as well as income from labor service remuneration to which the
rate of addition collection is applicable. The formula for calculating the
payable tax amount is given as follows:
Payable tax amount = taxable income amount x applicable tax
rates-rapid calculation of deducted amount
The rapid calculation of deducted amount for calculating payable tax
amount for the taxable income to which the progressive rates are levied on
income in excess of specific amounts, for details see attached Tables 1, 2
and 3.
XIII. The question concerning tax levied on bonuses for several months
earned lump sum by the tax payer or on additional year-end salary and
labor dividends
With regard to the bonuses belonging to several months or additional
year-end salary and labor dividends gained lump sum by the tax payer,
generally individual income tax is calculated and levied on the whole
bonuses or additional year-end salary and labor dividends together with
the wage and salary of the current month. But when the applicable tax rate
is raised after calculation of the combined amount, individual income tax
may be calculated and levied at the applicable tax rate by using monthly
bonuses or additional year-end salary and labor dividends to add the
current month wage and salary and subtract the balance of the current
month expenses deducted according to standard, the balance is regarded as
the base number to determine the applicable tax rate, then the current
month wage and salary is used to add the whole bonuses or additional
year-end salary and labor dividends and to subtract the balance of the
current month expenses deducted according to standard. If there is no
amount of taxable income calculated according to the above-mentioned
method. tax is exempt.
XIV. The question concerning the method for calculating and levying tax
borne by a unit or individual who is the tax payer
For the individual income tax payment borne by a unit or an
individual who is the tax payer, the income not containing tax gained by
the tax payer shall be converted into a taxable income amount on which
individual income tax shall be calculated and levied. The calculation
formula is given as follows:
(1) Payable income amount =
(the income amount not containing tax -
expense deducting standard -
rapid calculation deducted amount) -
(1 - tax rate)
(2) Taxable amount =
taxable income amount x applicable tax rate -
the rapid calculation deducted amount
The tax rate in formula (1) refers to the tax rate corresponding to
the grade difference not containing tax (for detail see attached tax rate
Tables 1, 2, and 3) on the income not containing tax; the tax rate in
formula (2) refers to the tax rate corresponding to the grade difference
containing tax on the amount of taxable income.
XV. The Question concerning how to handle tax reimbursement and tax
repayment for the income earned in foreign currency by the tax payer
(1) When the income is earned in foreign currency by the tax payer
and after tax is paid with Renminbi converted from the foreign currency in
accordance with the listed price published by the People's Bank of China,
if tax reimbursement is needed to be made for the extra tax payment, for
taxable income gained before December 31, 1993, the tax payment in
Renminbi which should be refunded can be converted into foreign currency
in accordance with the listed foreign exchange price (buying price, the
same below), at the time when tax is paid, then the amount of foreign
currency is converted into Renminbi in accordance with the listed foreign
exchange price on the day the tax reimbursement certificate is issued to
return the tax in Renminbi; for the taxable income gained after January 1,
1994, the extra tax payment in Renminbi shall be refunded directly.
(2) For the tax payer who earned income in foreign exchange, when
there is the need to repay tax for the underpaid tax, besides a final
settlement should be made in accordance with the stipulations of the Tax
Law, it is necessary to convert the foreign currency into Renminbi in
accordance with the listed foreign exchange price on the last day of the
previous month when the tax repayment certificate is issued, calculate the
taxable income amount and repay tax.
XVI. The question concerning how to calculate and levy tax on the wage
and salary income gained respectively from inside and outside China.
For a tax payer who has wage and salary income gained simultaneously
from inside and outside China, it is necessary to follow the principle
stipulated in Article 5 of the Regulations to judge whether the income
gained from inside and outside China is income derived from one country.
When the tax payer can provide effective certificate proving that he holds
a post or is hired simultaneously inside and outside China as well the
wage and salary standard, his income can be determined as income derived
from both inside and outside China, the expenses shall be subtracted
separately in accordance with the stipulations of the Tax Law and
Regulations and tax payment should be calculated; for those who fail to
provide the above-mentioned certificate, the income shall be regarded as
income earned from one country, if the unit where he holds a post or is
hired is outside China, the income shall be regarded as income earned from
outside China.
XVII. The question concerning how to calculate and levy tax if the
contracting or leasing period is less than one year
For a tax payer who engages in the contracting and leasing business,
the income gained from the contracting and leasing business on a
tax-paying year basis shall be used to calculate tax payment, within one
tax-paying year, if the contracting or leasing operation is less than 12
months, the number of months for the actual contracting and leasing
operation is taken as a tax-paying year to calculate tax payment. The
calculation formula is as follows:
The taxable income amount = the income amount from that year's
contracting and leasing operation - (800 x the number of months of actual
contracting and leasing operation in that year)
Taxable amount = taxable income amount x applicable tax rate- rapid
calculation deducted amount
XVIII. The question concerning interest, dividend and bonus
withholding agent The levying method of source withholding is
instituted for interest, dividend and bonus incomes, the withholding
agent should be the unit which directly pay interest, dividend and bonus
to the tax payer.
XIX. The question concerning the difference between wage and salary
income and income from labor service remuneration
Wage and salary income belongs to non-independent individual labor
service activity, that is the remuneration gained from the post an
individual holds in or is hired by a government office, organization,
school, army unit, enterprise, institution as well as other organizations;
income from labor service is the remuneration gained from various
mechanical arts an individual is independently engaged in and from various
labor services he provides. The differences between the two lie in: the
former has the relationship between the hirer and the hired, the latter
does not have such relationship.
XX. If previous regulations conflict with these Regulations, these
Regulations shall be acted upon.

Tax Rate Table 1

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最高人民法院、最高人民检察院印发《关于执行<全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于严禁卖淫嫖猖的决定>的若干问题的解答》的通知

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最高人民法院、最高人民检察院印发《关于执行<全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于严禁卖淫嫖猖的决定>的若干问题的解答》的通知
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最高人民法院 最高人民检察院关于执行《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于严禁卖淫嫖娼的决定》的若干问题的解答
一、《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于严禁卖淫嫖娼的决定》规定了几个新罪名?
《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于严禁卖淫嫖娼的决定》(以下简称《决定》)规定了4个新罪名,即:组织他人卖淫罪(第一条第一款);协助组织他人卖淫罪(第一条第二款);介绍他人卖淫罪(第三条第一款);传播性病罪(第五条第一款)。
二、怎样认定组织他人卖淫罪?
根据《决定》第一条第一款的规定,组织他人卖淫罪,是指以招募、雇佣、强迫、引诱、容留等手段,控制多人从事卖淫的行为。
本罪的主体必须是卖淫的组织者,可以是几个人,也可以是一个人,关键要看其在卖淫活动中是否起组织者的作用。
在组织他人卖淫的犯罪活动中,对被组织卖淫的人有强迫、引诱、容留、介绍卖淫行为的,应当作为组织他人卖淫罪的量刑情节予以考虑,不实行数罪并罚。如果这些行为是对被组织者以外的其他人实施的,仍应当分别定罪,实行数罪并罚。
三、怎样认定协助组织他人卖淫罪?
根据《决定》第一条第二款的规定,协助组织他人卖淫罪,是指在组织他人卖淫的共同犯罪中起帮助作用的行为。如充当保镖、打手、管帐人等。
依照《决定》第一条第二款的规定,协助组织他人卖淫的行为,有具体的罪状和单独的法定刑,应当确定为独立的罪名,适用单独的法定刑处罚,不适用刑法总则第二十四条关于从犯的处罚原则。
四、怎样理解《决定》第二条第(三)项关于“强奸后迫使卖淫的”规定?
《决定》第二条第(三)项规定的“强奸后迫使卖淫的”,是指强奸行为与强迫他人卖淫的行为有联系,是强迫他人卖淫的法定从重情节。因此,只定强迫他人卖淫罪即可。如果强奸行为与强迫他人卖淫的行为之间没有联系,则应当分别定罪,实行并罚。
五、哪些是组织他人卖淫罪、强迫他人卖淫罪中“情节特别严重”的行为?
《决定》第一条第一款规定的组织他人卖淫罪中的“情节特别严重”,主要是指组织他人卖淫的首要分子情节特别严重的;组织他人卖淫手段特别恶劣的;对被组织卖淫者造成特别严重后果的;组织多人多次卖淫具有极大的社会危害性的,等等。
《决定》第二条第一款规定的强迫他人卖淫罪中的“情节特别严重”,是指《决定》第二条所列四项情形中特别严重的情节。在具体执行中,不要在这四项情形之外再扩大范围。
六、怎样认定引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫罪?
引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫罪是一个选择性罪名。引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫这三种行为,不论是同时实施还是只实施其中一种行为,均构成本罪。如:介绍他人卖淫的,定介绍他人卖淫罪;兼有引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫三种行为的,定引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫罪,不实行数罪并
罚。
引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫是否以营利为目的,不影响本罪的成立。
根据《决定》第三条第二款的规定,引诱不满十四岁的幼女卖淫的,依照《决定》第二条第一款关于强迫不满十四岁的幼女卖淫的规定处罚,定强迫他人卖淫罪。
七、哪些是引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫罪中“情节严重”的行为?
引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫,情节严重的,一般有以下几种情形:
(一)多次引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫的;
(二)引诱、容留、介绍多人卖淫的;
(三)引诱、容留、介绍明知是有严重性病的人卖淫的;
(四)容留、介绍不满十四岁的幼女卖淫的;
(五)引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫具有其他严重情节的。
八、怎样认定传播性病罪?
根据《决定》第五条第一款的规定,传播性病罪,是指明知自己患有梅毒、淋病等严重性病而进行卖淫嫖娼的行为。
(一)本罪属特殊主体,即已满十六岁,具有刑事责任能力,且患有梅毒、淋病等严重性病的人。中国公民和外国人均可成为本罪的主体。
(二)必须实施了卖淫、嫖娼的行为。至于实际是否已造成他人染上性病的结果,不影响本罪的成立。行为人通过其他方式(如通奸等)将性病传播给他人的,不构成本罪。
(三)具备以下情形之一的,可以认定为“明知”:
1、有证据证明曾到医院就医,被诊断为患有严重性病的;
2、根据本人的知识和经验,能够知道自己患有严重性病的;
3、通过其他方法能够证明被告人是“明知”的。
九、对《决定》中提到的“他人”、“多人”、“多次”应当怎样理解?
(一)组织、协助组织、强迫、引诱、容留、介绍他人卖淫中的“他人”,主要是指女人,也包括男人。
(二)《决定》和本《解答》中的“多人”、“多次”的“多”,是指“三”以上的数(含本数)。
十、如何理解《决定》的时效问题?
(一)对在《决定》公布施行后发生的案件,依照《决定》的规定办理。对在《决定》公布施行前发生、公布施行后尚未处理或者正在处理的案件,依照刑法第九条规定的原则办理。
(二)本《解答》发布后,对应当按照《决定》处理的案件,适用本《解答》。《决定》公布施行前已处理的案件和本《解答》发布前已按《决定》处理的案件,不再适用 本《解答》。
(三)鉴于《决定》对刑法第一百四十条和第一百六十九条以及《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于严惩严重危害社会治安的犯罪分子的决定》第一条第6项的规定已进行修改、补充,对《决定》公布施行后依照《决定》处理的案件,在诉讼文书中不再引用上述有关条文。



1992年12月11日

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